公路货运视角下城市群网络特征及绩效探讨——以我国三大城市群为例

货运物流是区域城镇节点联系并形成网络的重要维度,是支禕城市群形成和发展的“骨架”,其高效运转是城市群和区域一体化发展的必要条件。利用互联网物流数据平台上各城市间的货运联系数据,对我国三大城市群的公路货运网络特征做分析,发现长三角、珠三角已经形成了相对成熟的多层次公路货运网络,分别以上海和广州为单核心;而京津冀的货运网络则以天津和北京为双核,网络结构相对简单,以核心城市向其它城市辐射的单向联系为主。进一步从货运网络的均衡性、稳定性、层次性三个角度对案例城市群的网络绩效进行评价,结果表明物流网络的空间结构特征并不必然导致城市群网络绩效的差异性;一个成本更低、更快捷、更安全的物流网络有赖于城市群内城镇节点的合理分工协作,有赖于城市网络的组织协调,也有赖于若干不同层次门户枢纽节点的建立。研究结论对我国城市群跨地域货运网络绩效的提升有所启示。

Characteristics and Performance of City Network from the Perspective of Highway Freight——The Case of Three Major Urban Agglomerations in China

Freight transport is an important dimension of regional urban connection and network formation,and its efficient operation is a necessary condition for the development of urban agglomeration and regional integration.Using the data of freight transport links between cities based on the Internet logistics platform,this paper analyses the characteristics of highway freight network in three major urban agglomerations.It is found that relatively speaking,YRD and PRD have multilayered road freight network hierarchy assuming Shanghai-and Guangzhou-based monocentric structure respectively,while the network of BTH is simple and dual-centric around Tianjin and Beijing.Furthermore,the paper evaluates the performance of the freight-based city network from the perspectives of balance,stability and hierarchy,and the results show that spatial structure of the network does not necessarily lead to the difference in network performance.A lower-cost,faster and safer logistics network depends on reasonable specialization and cooperation of urban nodes within the urban agglomeration,the organization and coordination of the city network,and the establishment of nodal hierarchy.The conclusion has implications for the improvement of the regional freight transport network of China's urban agglomerations.