分子标记技术及其在益生菌分类中的应用

益生菌的准确分类鉴定是益生菌应用于功能食品、药品开发的前提。由于益生菌菌群结构的多样性和复杂性，传统方法如形态结构、培养特征试验和生理生化试验等对其组成的研究准确性低且耗时长。随着分子生物学技术的发展，现代分子标记技术的应用为益生菌分类研究提供了一个新的方向。该文对常用的分子标记技术进行了概括包括分子杂交标记、PCR分子扩增标记和新型分子标记。以益生菌菌群分类鉴定为例，分析分子标记技术的基本原理、特点和现状，为其进一步开发提供基础。

Molecular markers technology and its application in the classification of probiotics

The accurate classification and identification of probiotic strains are the premise for further application of the strains in the development of functional foods and pharmaceuticals. For the high diversity and complexity of the microbial communities, traditional identification techniques such as morphological and cultivation characteristics as well as physiological and biochemical tests were time-consuming and in low accuracy. With the development of molecular biotechnology, the use of modern molecular markers was recognized as a new direction for classification of probiotic microbes. This paper provided an overview of several types of molecular markers that were commonly used in classification of the probiotic microbes including molecular hybridization markers, PCR amplification markers and novel molecular markers. Using classification and identification of probiotics as example, the basic principles, features and current developing status of molecular markers technology were summarized for providing the basis for further utilizations.