Optimal configuration for photovoltaic storage system capacity in 5G base station microgrids

Base station operators deploy a large number of distributed photovoltaics to solve the problems of high energy consumption and high electricity costs of 5G base stations. In this study, the idle space of the base station’s energy storage is used to stabilize the photovoltaic output, and a photovoltaic storage system microgrid of a 5G base station is constructed. Aiming at the capacity planning problem of photovoltaic storage systems, a two-layer optimal configuration method is proposed. The inner layer optimization considers the energy sharing among the base station microgrids, combines the communication characteristics of the 5G base station and the backup power demand of the energy storage battery, and determines an economic scheduling strategy for each photovoltaic storage system with the goal of minimizing the daily operation cost of the base station microgrid. The outer model aims to minimize the annual average comprehensive revenue of the 5G base station microgrid, while considering peak clipping and valley filling, to optimize the photovoltaic storage system capacity. The CPLEX solver and a genetic algorithm were used to solve the two-layer models. Considering the construction of the 5G base station in a certain area as an example, the results showed that the proposed model can not only reduce the cost of the 5G base station operators, but also reduce the peak load of the power grid and promote the local digestion of photovoltaic power.