The effect of alloy composition and welding conditions on columnar-equiaxed transitions in ferritic stainless steel gas-tungsten arc welds |
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Authors: | J C Villafuerte E Pardo H W Kerr |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, ON, Canada;(2) Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina |
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Abstract: | The columnar-equiaxed transition (CET) was investigated in full penetration gas-tungsten arc (GTA) welds on ferritic stainless
steel plates containing different amounts of minor elements, such as titanium and aluminum, for a range of welding conditions.
In general, the fraction of equiaxed grains increased, and the size of the equiaxed grains decreased with increasing titanium
contents above 0.18 wt pct. At a given level of titanium, the equiaxed fraction increased, and the size of the equiaxed grains
decreased with increased aluminum content. The CET was ascribed to heterogeneous nucleation of ferrite on Ti-rich cuboidal
inclusions, since these inclusions were observed at the origin of equiaxed dendrites in the grain refined welds. Titanium-rich
cuboidal inclusions, in turn, were found to contain Al-Ca-Mg-rich inclusions at their centers, consistent with observations
by previous investigators for other processes. The welding conditions, in particular, the welding speed, were observed to
affect the occurrence of the CET. Increasing the welding speed from 3 to 8 mm/s increased the equiaxed fraction noticeably,
but a further increase in speed to 14 mm/s had a smaller additional effect. A finite element model (FEM) of heat transfer
was used to examine the role of the welding conditions on the local solidification conditions along the weld pool edge. The
results are compared with existing models for the CET.
Formerly Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo |
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