Late-onset rheumatoid arthritis: is pitting oedema of the hands at onset a good prognostic indicator?

Selectin and alpha 4 beta 7-integrins have been shown to mediate transient leucocyte interactions with endothelial cells which is a crucial step in the initial immune response to pathogens. We have previously shown that stimulation of T lymphocytes via L-selectin results in activation of a signalling cascade from the L-selectin molecule via the tyrosine kinase p56lck and tyrosine phosphorylation of L-selectin to the stimulation of p21Ras and Rac proteins. In the present study we demonstrate that stimulation of Jurkat T lymphocytes via L-selectin results in an activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not of p38-K. L-selectin-initiated activation of JNK is mediated by src-like tyrosine kinases and the small G-protein Rac 1/2, since genetic or pharmacological inhibition of p56lck or Rac proteins prevent the stimulation of JNK by L-selectin. Thus, the data point to a novel signalling cascade from L-selectin via src-like tyrosine kinases and Rac proteins to JNK.