中国近期乡建发展概况与类型解析

近年来，我国掀起了新一轮乡建热潮，其参与主体、内容和形式都呈现出极为复杂多元的局面，需要学界客观的分析和认知。论文通过对我国三次乡建发展历程的梳理，从经济、社会、文化、生态等四方面探讨近期乡建兴起的原因，以“问题——目标——实践”模式为导向总结出乡建的四大类型：以经济可持续为目标的产业发展、以社会可持续为目标的社区重构、以文化可持续为目标的文化复兴、以生态可持续为目标的环境保护。并以典型案例评析各种类型化实践的设计理念、实践方法、实施效果与实施限制，以期为我国乡村未来可持续发展提供借鉴。

General Situation and Type Analysis of Recent Rural Construction in China

In recent years, there has been a boom in rural construction in China, with a diversity of participants, contents, and forms. Thus, objective analysis and understanding of this situation is required . Through examination of three rural construction development processes in China, this paper explores the reasons for the rise in rural construction, from economic, social, cultural, and ecological viewpoints. Guided by the "problem-goal-practice" mode, four types of rural construction are summarized: industrial development aimed at economic sustainability; community reconstruction aimed at social sustainability; cultural renaissance aimed at cultural sustainability; and environmental protection aimed at ecological sustainability. Typical cases are used to analyze the design concepts, practice methods, implementation effects, and restrictions associated with the various practices. This paper is expected to provide reference for future sustainable development of rural areas in our country.