准东地区土壤重金属污染分析及其来源解析*

重金属是影响土壤肥力和土壤环境的重要因素之一。本文选取阜康地区东部的准东矿区为研究区,在测定土壤重金属含量的基础上,分析不同层的重金属的污染特征,采用因子分析-多元线性回归(FA-MLR)分析重金属的来源和各来源的贡献比率。结果表明:准东矿区土壤重金属Cu和Zn元素未出现重金属污染且发生亏损现象;Cr和Pb元素存在轻微重金属污染且有轻微富集;As和Hg元素出现较为严重的重金属污染发生重度富集。FA-MLR分析表明,准东矿区90.31%的Hg来源于煤炭燃烧,43.5%的Pb来源于交通运输,21.69%的As来源于大气降尘,Cu和Cr的主要来源为煤尘,其贡献率分别为63.29%和83.67%,其中30.67%的Cu来源于土壤母质,76.01%的Zn来源于土壤母质。准东矿区主要重金属元素贡献率由高到低的来源依次是煤炭燃烧、煤尘、土壤母质、交通运输和大气降尘。除Zn以外的土壤重金属还存在未知来源。FA-MLR成功地模拟了准东矿区土壤重金属的来源,并给出各来源的贡献率,能为准东矿区重金属污染防治提供有益参考。

Correlation analysis and spatial distribution of soil heavy metals with different regions in Zhun Dong area

Heavy metals are one of the important factors that affect soil fertility and soil environment. This paper selects the Zhun dong of Eastern area at Fukang mine area as the study area, based on the determination of heavy metals in soil, the distribution characteristics and spatial distribution of heavy metals in different layers were analyzed. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression (FA-MLR) were used to analyze the source of heavy metals and the contribution rate of each source. The result shows that The mine soil heavy metals Cu and Zn elements without heavy metal pollution and the occurrence of the phenomenon of loss; The elements of Cr and Pb have slight heavy metal pollution and have slight enrichment; Heavy metals pollution occurred in As and Hg elements, and heavy pollution occurred. FA-MLR Analysis shows 90.31% of the Hg comes from coal combustion, 43. 5% of Pb comes from transportation, and 21.69% of As comes from atmospheric dust, the main sources of Cu and Cr were coal dust, and their contribution rates were 63.29% and 83.67%, respectively, including 30.67% of the Cu comes from the soil parent material, and 76.01% of the Zn comes from the soil parent material. The contribution rate of main heavy metals mine in Zhun dong from high to low are the source of coal combustion, coal dust, soil, dust and air transportation. There is an unknown source of heavy metals in soils other than Zn. In conclusion, FA-MLR could successfully identify the source of heavy metals and compute contribution rate of heavy metals, all these information could be a reference for heavy metal pollution control.