Fusarium damage assessment in wheat kernels by Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging |
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Authors: | Stephen R Delwiche Moon S Kim Yanhong Dong |
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Affiliation: | (1) Food Quality Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;(2) Environmental and Microbial Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 303, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA;(3) Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA |
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Abstract: | Fusarium head blight is a fungal disease that affects the world’s small grains, such as wheat and barley. Attacking the spikelets
during development, the fungus causes a reduction of yield and grain of poorer processing quality. Secondary metabolites that
often accompany the fungus, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), are health concerns to humans and livestock. Conventional grain
inspection procedures for Fusarium damage are heavily reliant on human visual analysis. As an inspection alternative, a near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral image
system (1000–1700 nm) was fabricated and applied to Fusarium-damaged kernel recognition. An existing extended visible (400–1000 nm) system was similarly used. Exhaustive searches were
performed on the 144 and 125 wavelength pair images that, respectively, comprised the NIR and visible systems to determine
accuracy of classification using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier. On a limited set of wheat samples the best
wavelength pairs, either with visible or NIR wavelengths, were able to discriminate Fusarium-damaged kernels from sound kernels, both based on visual assessment, at an average accuracy of approximately 95%. Accuracy
dropped off substantially when the visual contrast between the two kernel conditions became imperceptible. The NIR region
was slightly better than the visible region in its broader array of acceptable wavelength pairs. Further, the region of interest
(ROI) defined as the whole kernel was slightly better than ROIs limited to either a portion of the endosperm or the germ tip.
For the NIR region, the spectral absorption near 1200 nm, attributed to ergosterol (a primary constituent in fungi cell membranes),
was shown to be useful in spectral recognition of Fusarium damage. |
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