小世界电网的连锁故障传播机理分析

随着复杂网络理论的发展，特别是电网的小世界特性的发现，电网的复杂结构特性对故障连锁反应的影响越来越受到关注。文中以复杂网络科学理论为基础，考察了小世界电网中节点的非均质特性，提出多种故障模式和故障指标，重点分析了连锁故障在小世界电网中传播的内在机理，并提出改善小世界电网承受故障能力的有效措施。对实际电网的拓扑特性研究和故障仿真结果表明:小世界电网本身的结构脆弱性是造成大规模连锁故障迅速蔓延的根本原因，外界因素不能从根本上改变这个弱点，改善电网资源配置、尽可能避免负荷分布的极不均匀性对预防大规模连锁故障和提高电网的可靠性将更有意义。

Study of Failure Spreading Mechanism in the Small-world Power Grid

With the development of complex network theory, especially the discovery of small-world characteristics in the power grid, increasingly great concern is shown about the relationship between the complex structural characteristic and the cascading failures of power grid. On the basis of the complex network theory, the heterogeneity of the small-world power grid is studied and several failure modes and indices are presented in this paper. The inherent mechanism of cascading failures in the small- world power grid are analyzed and effective measures to improve the capability of the power grid to endure large-scale blackouts are put forward. Investigations on grid topological characteristics and failure simulations show that the structural vulnerability of the small-world power grid is the root cause of failures to cascade in the grid, while the external factor can hardly fundamentally remedy such a situation. More rational resource configuration and load distribution will be of greater significance to the prevention of large-scale cascading failures and an increase in the reliability of electricity transmission.