Mesoporous carbons synthesized by direct carbonization of citrate salts for use as high-performance capacitors |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Physics and Technology, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China;2. Shenzhen Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, PR China;1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China;2. Key Laboratory of Advanced Braided Composites, Ministry of Education, School of Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China;1. Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;1. School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China;2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China;3. Engineering Research Center of Materials and Technology for Electrochemical Energy Storage (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou 510006, PR China |
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| Abstract: | A simple one-step synthesis methodology for the fabrication of mesoporous carbons with an excellent performance as supercapacitor electrodes is presented. The procedure is based on the carbonization of non-alkali organic salts such as citrate salts of iron, zinc or calcium. The carbonized products contain numerous inorganic nanoparticles (i.e. Fe, ZnO or CaO) embedded within a carbonaceous matrix. These nanoparticles act as endotemplate, which when removed, leaves a mesoporous network. The resulting carbon samples have a large specific surface area up to ∼1600 m2 g−1 and a porosity made up almost exclusively of mesopores. An appropriate heat-treatment of these materials with melamine allows the synthesis of N-doped carbons which have a high nitrogen content (∼8–9 wt.%), a large specific surface area and retain the mesoporous structure. The mesoporous carbon samples were employed as electrode materials in supercapacitors. They exhibit specific capacitances of 200–240 F g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 and 100–130 F g−1 in EMImTFSI/AN. More importantly, the carbon samples possess a good capacitance retention in both electrolytes (>50% in H2SO4 and >80% in EMImTFSI/AN at 100 A g−1) owing to their mesoporous structure which facilitates the penetration and transportation of ions. |
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