Micro/nano-structured graphitic carbon nitride–Ag nanoparticle hybrids as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates with much improved long-term stability |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China;3. School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, PR China;4. State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China;1. Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials, Optoelectronics and Physics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China;2. Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;1. Department of Chemical Engineering and CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, WA 6845, Australia;2. School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;1. School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China;2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China;3. Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China;4. Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, TX, 77005, USA;1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China;4. School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, PR China;1. School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;2. Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;3. School of Materials Science Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India;4. Department of Industrial Chemistry & Swami Vivekananda Research centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah 711202, India |
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| Abstract: | Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with high SERS activity and stability are important for SERS sensors. A facile method was developed to fabricate efficient and stable SERS substrates by combining Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and micro-scale sheeted graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The g-C3N4/Ag NPs hybrid could provide a great number of hot spots and concentrated the analyte by the π–π stacking interaction between analyte molecules and g-C3N4, making a dramatic Raman enhancement. Moreover, the g-C3N4/Ag NPs hybrid uniformly immobilized Ag NPs on the surface and edges of g-C3N4 sheets by an interaction between Ag NPs and g-C3N4, leading to much improved long-term stability. This could be explained in terms of the electron–donor effect of g-C3N4, which was further confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The inherent Raman enhancing effect of g-C3N4 itself also contributed to the total SERS responses. Due to multiple enhancement contributions, the g-C3N4/Ag NPs hybrid exhibited a strong Raman enhancement effect for with an enhancement factor of 4.6 × 108 (evaluated by using crystal violet as a probe), and possessed wide adaptability from dyes, pesticides to bio-molecules. |
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