Two and three-dimensional graphene substrates to magnify osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 11 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119083, Singapore;2. Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore;1. Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tongii University, Shanghai 200092, PR China;1. School of Chemical and Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan;3. Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;1. Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt;2. Tabuk University, Chemistry Department, College of Al Wajh, Al Wajh, Saudi Arabia;3. Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt;3. From the Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and;4. the Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan;1. Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China;2. National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | Graphene can induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in this process remain unexplored. Our objective was to investigate key factors, in both genomic and protein level, involved in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in two and three-dimensional graphene substrates. PDLSC were seeded on glass slides (Gl); Gl coated with graphene (2DGp), three-dimensional graphene scaffold (3DGp) and polystyrene scaffold (PS) and cultured with and without osteogenic medium for 28 days. All the substrates allowed stem cell survival and proliferation. 2DGp and 3DGp induced the differentiation of PDLSC into mature osteoblasts at higher levels as compared to Gl and PS. Bone-related gene and proteins (COL I, RUNX2, OCN) were upregulated on graphene regardless the use of osteogenic medium. The high expression of MHY10 and MHY10-V2 on 2DGp and 3DGp suggest that their physical characteristics may play a role in the enhanced differentiation. As the results were boosted by the use of osteogenic medium, we suggest that both chemical and physical properties of graphene act synergistically while ruling osteoblastic differentiation of PDLSC. |
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