Bio-inspired cross-linking with borate for enhancing gas-barrier properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide composite films |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan;2. R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan;3. Department of Biotechnology, Vanung University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan;4. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Ilan University, I-Lan 26047, Taiwan;5. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Pollution Prevention Group in Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China;2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Processing Robot/Key Laboratory of Laser Precision Processing & Detection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China;2. Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China;1. Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, P.O. Box 91, Hungary;2. Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, Hungary;1. Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Nanjing 210042, China;2. Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;3. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;4. Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;5. UTK-ORNL Joint Institute for Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;1. College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China;2. Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi׳an University of Technology, Xi׳an, Shanxi 710048, PR China;3. Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA |
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| Abstract: | The demand for flexible and transparent barrier films in industries has been increasing. Learning from nature, borate ions were used to cross-link poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO) to produce flexible, transparent high-barrier composite films with a bio-inspired structure. PVA/GO films with only 0.1 wt% GO and 1 wt% cross-linker exhibited an O2 transmission rate <0.005 cc m−2 day−1, an O2 permeability <5.0 × 10−20 cm3 cm cm−2 Pa−1 s−1, and a transmittance at 550 nm >85%; thus, they can be used for flexible electronics. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the outstanding barrier properties are attributed to the formation of chemical cross-linking involving borate ions, GO sheets, and PVA, similar to the borate cross-links in high-order plants. Comparing our experimental data with the Cussler model, we found that the effective aspect ratio was significantly increased after cross-linking, suggesting that cross-linking networks connected GO with each other to form ultra-large impermeable regions. A feasible green technique, with potential for commercial production of barrier films for flexible electronics was presented. |
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