Acceptance of drinking and driving and alcohol-involved driving crashes in California |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Safe Transportation Research & Education Center, University of California, Berkeley, 2614 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7374, USA;2. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;3. Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6475 Christie Avenue, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, USA;4. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11720 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705, USA;1. School of Medicine (Psychology), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart 7000, TAS, Australia;2. Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, VIC, Australia;3. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia;1. CSR, Incorporated, 4250 Fairfax Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22203, United States;2. NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Road, Willow Grove, PA 19090, United States;3. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5635 Fishers LN, Rockville, MD 20852, United States;1. Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.;2. ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.;1. Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, USA;2. Center for Behavioral Sciences, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, USA;3. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAlcohol-impaired driving accounts for substantial proportion of traffic-related fatalities in the U.S. Risk perceptions for drinking and driving have been associated with various measures of drinking and driving behavior. In an effort to understand how to intervene and to better understand how risk perceptions may be shaped, this study explored whether an objective environmental-level measure (proportion of alcohol-involved driving crashes in one’s residential city) were related to individual-level perceptions and behavior.MethodsUsing data from a 2012 cross-sectional roadside survey of 1147 weekend nighttime drivers in California, individual-level self-reported acceptance of drinking and driving and past-year drinking and driving were merged with traffic crash data using respondent ZIP codes. Population average logistic regression modeling was conducted for the odds of acceptance of drinking and driving and self-reported, past-year drinking and driving.ResultsA non-linear relationship between city-level alcohol-involved traffic crashes and individual-level acceptance of drinking and driving was found. Acceptance of drinking and driving did not mediate the relationship between the proportion of alcohol-involved traffic crashes and self-reported drinking and driving behavior. However, it was directly related to behavior among those most likely to drink outside the home.DiscussionThe present study surveys a particularly relevant population and is one of few drinking and driving studies to evaluate the relationship between an objective environmental-level crash risk measure and individual-level risk perceptions. In communities with both low and high proportions of alcohol-involved traffic crashes there was low acceptance of drinking and driving. This may mean that in communities with low proportions of crashes, citizens have less permissive norms around drinking and driving, whereas in communities with a high proportion of crashes, the incidence of these crashes may serve as an environmental cue which informs drinking and driving perceptions. Perceptual information on traffic safety can be used to identify places where people may be at greater risk for drinking and driving. Community-level traffic fatalities may be a salient cue for tailoring risk communication. |
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| Keywords: | Alcohol Drinking and driving Risk perception Traffic crashes |
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