爆炸冲击荷载下扩腔体积和能耗随抵抗线的变化规律研究

针对柱状药包爆炸冲击荷载下炮孔周边岩体介质扩腔体积和能耗占比问题,采用爆破破岩和断裂力学理论,结合爆炸具有瞬时、高温、高压等极端态特性,构建了仅以单轴动态抗压为主要依据的过度粉碎区岩石破碎能耗的简易计算公式,并开展了模型试验研究。该研究结果表明:随着最小抵抗线由120 mm增加到200 mm,扩腔半径由炮孔半径的2.6倍增加到4.6倍,扩腔体积增加了3.56倍,呈现明显的指数增长趋势;能耗由524 J增加到1870 J,能耗占比由5.93%上升到21.13%,与现有的研究成果基本一致,验证了计算公式的可行性。该研究结果能够为光面爆破、预裂爆破等控制爆破技术的设计和施工提供理论依据。

A study on the variation of cavity volume and energy dissipation with resistance line under blast impact load

In view of the problems of the shock load volume and energy consumption proportion around rock mass media under the impact load of a columnar cartridge,a simple calculation formula for rock crushing energy consumption in the excessive crushing zone was built based on uniaxial dynamic compressive force,with the theory of blasting rock and fracture mechanics and some extreme characteristics of the explosion,such as instantaneous,high temperature,and high pressure.And then a model test study was carried out.The results show that:with the minimum resistance line increased from 120 mm to 200 mm,the cavity radius increased from 2.6 times to 4.6 times of the hole radius,and the cavity volume increased by 3.56 times,which presented an obvious exponential growth trend.The energy consumption increased from 524 J to 1870 J,and the proportion of energy consumption increased from 5.93%to 21.13%,which was basically consistent with the existing research results and these results verified the feasibility of the calculation formula.The research results in this work can provide theoretical basis for the design and construction of smooth blasting,pre-splitting blasting and controlled blasting.