基于自适应引力算法的桥梁监测传感器优化布置

针对桥梁健康监测中传感器布置优化问题,提出了一种基于自适应引力算法的传感器优化布置方法。以模态置信准则为基础,构造满足传感器优化布置的适应度函数;针对引力搜索算法开发能力不足,对衰减因子α进行了自适应改进。搜索初期α较小,粒子以较大步长进行全局搜索,增强了算法的搜索效率;搜索后期α较大,粒子以较小的步长进行局部搜索,提高了算法的搜索能力,避免落入局部极值点。改进后的自适应引力算法通过双重编码的方式,使算法可以解决离散型的传感器布置问题;以马水河大桥为例,验证算法的可行性。结果表明,改进后的算法有很好的寻优能力,能够准确高效的确定传感器优化位置。

Optimal placement of sensors in bridge monitoring based on an adaptive gravity search algorithm

In order to achieve sensor placement optimization in bridge health monitoring,an optimal sensor placement method based on an adaptive gravity search algorithm was proposed.Based on the modal confidence criterion,the fitness function for optimal sensor placement was constructed.In view of the insufficient development capability of the conventional gravitational search algorithm,the adaptive adjustment strategy for the attenuation factorαwas proposed.The initial attenuation factor of the search was rather small,and the particles performed global search with a large step size to enhance the search efficiency of the algorithm.Then,the search had a large attenuation factor in the late stage,and the particles performed local search in a small step size,so that the search ability of the algorithm was improved and the falling into local extreme points was avoided.The improved adaptive gravity search algorithm was used to solve the discrete sensor placement problem by the way of dual-structure coding.Finally,an example of the Mashui River Bridge was taken to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.The results show that the improved algorithm is of good ability to optimize the position of sensors accurately and efficiently.