基于生态系统服务协同优化的生态空间划定及弹性分级策略--以山东省栖霞市为例

生态空间的各项生态系统服务之间存在权衡与协同关系,以提供多项生态系统服务或生态产品为主导功能的生态空间规划本质上是空间约束下的多目标弹性决策的过程。利用地理模拟与优化系统(GeoSOS)空间优化技术平台,以多项生态系统服务协同优化为目标,提出兼顾空间系统性的生态空间划定及弹性分级策略。以山东省栖霞市为例,利用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(InVEST)模型实现生物多样性维持、水资源供给和气体调节3项主导生态系统服务的测算,基于空间优化技术和多情景分析,划定了4种类型的生态空间并针对性地提出了弹性分级管控建议,分别是系统保护、刚性管控,稳定结构、限制开发,生态储备、适度开发,优化服务、弹性管控。可为后续生态管控策略的制定以及分区规划提供理论依据。

Strategy for Demarcation and Elastic Grading of Ecological Space Based on Synergistic Optimization of Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Qixia City in Shandong Province

There exists a trade-off and synergy relationship between various ecosystem services of ecological spaces, and ecological space planning aiming at providing multiple ecosystem services or ecological products is essentially a multi-objective elastic decision-making process under spatial constraints. This research, by virtue of the geographical simulation and optimization systems (GeoSOS) space optimization technology platform, proposes a strategy for demarcation and elastic grading of ecological space that aims at synergistic benefits of multiple ecosystem services while taking into account spatial systematicness. Taking Qixia City in Shandong Province as an example, the research measures the three dominant ecosystem services of biodiversity maintenance, water supply and carbon regulation using the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) model. Based on the spatial optimization technique and multi-scenario analysis, it demarcates four types of ecological spaces and provides targeted recommendations for control thereof based on elastic gradings, such as systematic protection and rigid control, structure stabilization and development limitation, ecological reservation and moderate development, as well as service optimization and flexible control. It can provide a theoretical basis for the formulating of ecological control strategies and zoning plans.