Setback phenomenon in autism and long-term prognosis

Early effective management of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia improves outcome in patients with this disorder. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the agent of choice for treatment of severe P. carinii pneumonia. Pentamidine, trimethoprim-dapsone, atovaquone, and other regimens are useful in selected clinical situations. Adjunctive corticosteroids are indicated in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and P. carinii pneumonia who have moderate to severe P. carinii pneumonia defined as a room air arterial PaO2 less than 70 mm Hg or an alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient of greater than 35 mm Hg. The use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, and aerosolized pentamidine in immunocompromised patients without AIDS is also reviewed.