表面织构润滑减摩的国内外研究现状及进展

表面织构是源自于自然界生物非光滑表面的微纳米结构,这些微观结构使得生物在进化过程中呈现出优异的自润滑和抗磨减摩性能.国内外研究也一致表明,表面织构是改善表界面摩擦学特性的一种有效手段,可使材料表面实现自润滑效果,并且能够减少摩擦磨损带来的机械设备提前失效和能源耗损.从表面织构的形态特征及其作用机制出发,对近年来表面织构在润滑减摩方面的国内外研究现状及进展进行调研分析.讨论了表面织构形状(规则织构、不规则织构等)、织构分布形式(全织构分布、部分织构分布等)、织构几何参数(深度、面积比、深径比等)、工况参数(载荷、速度等)等因素,对织构化表面润滑减摩性能的影响,同时总结了表面织构润滑减摩作用机制研究中面临的难题.提出未来应重点开展极端工况、混合润滑状态下多类型复合织构的润滑减摩作用机制,考虑动态磨损的表面粗糙度与织构协同作用润滑减摩规律和仿生微织构与涂层耦合作用下抗磨性能等方面的研究,从而进一步推动表面织构在润滑减摩领域的工程应用.

Research Status and Progress of Surface Texture Lubrication and Friction Reduction

Surface texture is a kind of micro-nano structure derived from the non-smooth surface of natural organisms. These microstructures enable organisms to exhibit excellent self-lubricating, anti-wear and friction reduction properties during the evolution process. The studies at home and abroad have also consistently shown that surface texture is an effective means to improve the tribological performance of the surface, which can realize the self-lubricating effect of the material surface and reduce the premature failure of mechanical equipment and the energy consumption caused by friction and wear. In this paper, from the perspective of the morphological characteristics of surface texture and its mechanism of action, the research status and progress of surface texture in lubrication and friction reduction in recent years were investigated and analyzed. Then, the influences of surface texture shape (including regular texture, irregular texture, etc.), surface texture distribution pattern (including full texture distribution, partial texture distribution, etc.), surface texture geometric parameters (including depth, area ratio, aspect ratio, etc.), working condition parameters (including load, speed, etc.) and other factors on the lubrication and friction reduction performance of the textured surface were discussed in detail. At the same time, the problems and deficiencies in the research of the mechanism of surface texture lubrication and friction reduction were summarized. It is suggested that future research should be focused on the development of multi-type compound texture lubrication and friction reduction mechanism under extreme working conditions and mixed lubrication conditions, the law of lubrication and friction reduction under the synergistic effect of surface roughness and texture considering dynamic wear, and the anti-wear performance under the coupling effect of biomimetic micro-texture and coating as well as other aspects, so as to further promote the engineering application of surface texture in the field of lubrication and friction reduction.