Application of the electrochemical concepts and techniques to amperometric biosensor devices

This review addresses the most salient features concerning amperometric biosensor devices. In a first section, the electrode processes together with the basic principles of amperometric methods currently used in biosensor electrochemistry are described. In the second section, several strategies that combine the control of the electrode surface structure with stable immobilization are examined. The third section presents examples of amperometric biosensors developed for medical or environmental applications.