松花江中下游河相特性分析

为分析松花江中下游的河相特性,收集整理了松花江中下游平原河段7个典型水文站1955—1987年实测流量、实测大断面、日均流量、日均悬移质输沙率等项水文资料,运用水位–流量关系分析得到了造床流量、造床水位、造床河宽,根据水位–流量关系、水位–面积关系与矩形堰流接近的性质,将天然过水断面概化成复式矩形水力当量断面,水力当量断面与天然过水断面相比,具有相同的水位–流量关系、水位–面积关系,具有相同的造床流量、造床河宽、造床水深。松花江中下游宽深比形式的河相关系表明B/H是水深的函数,B/H值的总体趋势是上游小、下游大,范围为3.26~9.12 m-0.5,介于长江与黄河之间。

Analysis of hydraulic geometries in middle and lower reaches of Songhua River

To analyze the hydraulic geometries of the middle and lower Songhua River, hydrological data were collected of measured discharge, measured cross section, daily average discharge, and daily average transport rate of suspended load at its seven typical hydrological stations for the period of 1955-1987. Correlation analysis between stage and discharge was used to obtain dominant discharge, dominant stage and dominant channel width, and the cross section of a natural river was generalized using a hydraulic equivalent, compound rectangular cross section and its similarity of stage-discharge relationship and stage-cross sectional area relationship to those of a rectangular weir flow. The results show that compared to the corresponding natural river, using the equivalent cross section in calculation can produce the same results of stage-discharge relationship, stage-cross sectional area relationship, dominant discharge, dominant width, and dominant depth. Our analysis on the hydraulic geometries of this river in terms of its ratio of width B to depth H demonstrates that is a function of stage, showing an overall trend of increasing from its upstream smaller to downstream larger values. All the values fall between 3.26 and 9.12 m-0.5, a value range between those of the Yangtze and the Yellow.