居住建筑围护结构的节能问题

从适宜居住的角度讲，我国绝大部分地区的居住建筑都要采取一定的技术措施来保证冬夏两季的室内热舒适环境。冬夏两季室内维持的温度与室外的温度有很大的差别，这个温差导致能量以热的形式流出或流入室内，采暖，空调设备消耗的能量主要就是用来补充这个能量损失的。在相同的室内外温差条件下，建筑围护结构保温隔热性能的好坏，直接影响到流出或流入室内的热量的多少。建筑围护结构保温隔热性能好，流出或流入室内的热量就少，采暖，空调设备消耗的能量也就少；反之，建筑围护结构保温隔热性能差，流现或流入室内的热量就多，采暖，空调设备消耗的能量也就多。我国现行的居住建筑节能设计标准对建筑围护结构保温隔热性能提出了明确的要求，按照节能设计标准的要求去设计，新建的居住建筑就能比具有传统围护结构的同类建筑节约25％－35％的采暖，空调能耗，而且节能的潜力还十分巨大。

Energy Efficiency of the Envelope for Residential Buildings

From the viewpoint of dwelling, the residential buildings in most regions in China need to take measures to make them comfortable in both winter and summer for the people to live in. There is a big difference between indoor temperatures and outdoor ones in winter and summer, which leads the energy to flow into and out of the rooms in the form of heat. The energy consumed by heating and air conditioning facilities supplenments the lost energy. With the same indoor and outdoor temperature differences, the thermal insulation perormance of the building envelope directly influences the heat transmission. The good thermal insulation perormance of the building envelope results in less heat transmission and less energy consumption by heating and air conditioning, whereas the poor thermal insulation perormance of the building envelope results in more heat transmission and more energy consumption by heating and air conditioning. The current energy efficiency design code for residential buildings sets out the requirements of the thermal insulation perormance for the building envelope. If the design meets the requirements of this code, the new residential buildings can save 25%-35% of energy consumed by heating and air conditioning, compared with the similar buildings with the traditional envelope. Thus there is a massive potential for energy saving.