基于基因技术的羊绒与羊毛纤维定性鉴别方法

随着羊毛改性技术的发展，传统的光学显微镜鉴别羊绒羊毛的方法逐渐显出其局限性。采用基因技术，利用山羊与绵羊之间特定碱基序列的差别，通过PCR扩增、测序，得到各自的DNA碱基序列，从而确定其种属，达到鉴别纤维的目的。文章通过纯羊绒羊毛纤维及不同比例羊绒羊毛混合物线粒体DNA的测序实验，研究了羊绒羊毛的DNA鉴别方法。结果表明：1）基于基因技术的DNA测序方法可以准确定性鉴别极小比例的羊绒羊毛纤维；2）对于纯羊绒羊毛纤维，采用一组引物，即可通过特定位点特征碱基序列组来鉴别；3）对于羊绒羊毛混合物，分别采用羊绒引物和羊毛引物对样品测序，通过查找羊绒羊毛纤维各自的特征序列，鉴别样品中是否含有羊绒或羊毛。

Identification of cashmere and wool by genetic technology

With the development of wool modification technology,the conventional identification of cashmere and wool with optical microscopy has gradually shown its limitations.Using gene technology and utilizing the difference of goat and sheep between specific base sequence,this paper studied the DNA identification method of cashmere/wool,through mtDNA sequencing experiment,with pure cashmere wool fiber and different proportion of cashmere wool mixture.The results show that: the developed DNA sequence testing method by the genetic technology can accurately identify cashmere and wool fiber,even with much smaller proportion;the pure cashmere wool fiber can be identified by the specific base sequences using a set of primers;and the cashmere/wool mixture can be identified by their own sequences whether containing cashmere or wool,which are obtained firstly by sequencing with cashmere primer and wool primer,respectively.