低温烟梗预处理工艺及制备梗丝的质量特性

为提升丝状梗丝品质，拓宽丝状梗丝应用范围，设计了一种适用于丝状梗丝的低温烟梗预处理工艺，并以“两润两贮”工艺为对照，分析了低温烟梗预处理工艺对烟梗外观形态、物理质量、化学成分及生产效率的影响。结果表明:①低温烟梗预处理工艺直接以常温水为润梗介质将烟梗含水率提升至48%左右，然后压梗、干燥得到梗片；②低温烟梗预处理可将梗丝加工时间从10 h降低到6 h；③低温烟梗预处理制备梗片厚度均值为1.52 mm、标准偏差为0.26 mm；④与“两润两贮”工艺相比，低温烟梗预处理制备梗片的表皮组织挤压堆叠程度更高、导管断裂无序程度更大；低温烟梗预处理制备梗丝的成丝率提升约10百分点；⑤与“两润两贮”工艺相比，低温预处理工艺的梗片和梗丝中的Amadori化合物总量高于对照工艺5%以上，说明低温烟梗预处理工艺增加的梗片干燥环节可促进烟梗中美拉德反应发生。 

A low-temperature pretreatment process for tobacco stems and quality characteristics of the prepared cut stems

To promote the quality of filamentous stems and to broaden their applications, a low-temperature pretreatment process suitable for filamentous stems was designed. The influences of the low-temperature pretreatment process on the appearance, morphology, physical indexes, chemical composition and production efficiency of tobacco stems were analyzed and compared with a "two-step moistening + two-step storing" process. The results showed that: 1) The low-temperature pretreatment process took normal temperature water as the stem moistening medium to raise the moisture content in tobacco stems up to about 48%, and then the stems were flattened and dried to obtain stem laminae. 2) The low-temperature pretreatment process reduced tobacco stem processing duration from 10 h to 6 h. 3) The mean thickness and standard deviation of stem laminae prepared by the low-temperature pretreatment process were 1.52 mm and 0.26 mm respectively. 4) Comparing with "two-step moistening+two-step storing" process, the epidermal tissue of the stem laminae prepared by the low-temperature pretreatment process had a higher degree of extrusion and stacking with more disordered fracture of ducts. As a result, the percentage of usable cut stems prepared by the low-temperature pretreatment process increased by about 10 percentage points. 5) Comparing with the "two-step moistening + two-step storing" process, the total amount of Amadori compounds in the treated stem laminae and cut stems was higher by more than 5%, which indicated that the low-temperature pretreatment process could promote the Maillard reaction in tobacco stems.