On the sol-gel synthesis mechanism of nanostructured Li3.95La0.05Ti4.95Ag0.05O12 with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium ion battery |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China;2. National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, No. 28 East Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China;3. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China;1. Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;2. Centro/Departamento de Química, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;3. Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 500, Derio 48160, Spain;4. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;1. Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC;5. Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan, ROC;1. Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China;2. Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China;3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;1. Electrochemical Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Rajaram College, Kolhapur 416004, India;2. Centre for Advanced Studies in Material Science and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India;3. Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India;4. Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India;1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China;2. Soundon New Energy Technology Co., Xiangtan 411100, PR China |
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| Abstract: | A modified sol-gel process using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and citric acid as bi-components chelating agent was used to prepare Li3.95La0.05Ti4.95Ag0.05O12 (LLTAO). The reactions between raw materials and the possible route of hydrolysis-sintering processes were detailed analyzed and studied. The phases forming mechanism and structure of the colloidal particles, gel and the precursor were also discussed. Interface reaction between chelating agents and precipitate contributes a lot to the products. XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TEM and TG-DSC were used to characterize the intermediates and final powders. The intermediate product of Li and Ti is in nanometer scale, uniformly distributed in precursor. The La3+ and Ag+ co-doping could greatly improve the electrochemical performance of LTO, which reached the capacity of 179, 168, 163, 151, 133, 109 and 76 mA h g−1 at 0.5C, 1C, 2C, 5C, 10C, 20C and 40C discharge rate, respectively. The electrochemical performance of lithium intercalation/extraction was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at room temperature. |
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| Keywords: | Sol-gel method Chelating mechanism Lithium titanate Anode material Li-ion battery |
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