C60/graphene/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst and mutually- reinforcing synergy to improve hydrogen production in splitting water under visible light radiation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Environment and Chemical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Hollow-Fiber Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China;2. College of Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China;1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China;2. Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China;1. Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, PR China;2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea;4. Department of Chemistry and the Tianjin Key Lab of Metal and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China;5. Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;6. Laboratory of Green Chemistry, LUT Savo Sustainable Technologies, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland;1. School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, 173229, India;2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran;3. Department of Engineering, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO BOx 161, Kashmar, Iran;4. Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom;5. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam;1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China;2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia;3. CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China;1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;2. Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;1. Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China;3. School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China |
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| Abstract: | g-C3N4 as a new metal-free photocatalytic material for water splitting has attracted much attention in recent years, but its photocatalytic efficiency needs further improvement. Here we synthesized novel C60/graphene/g-C3N4 composite photocatalytic materials with high hydrogen generation ability for water splitting under visible light radiation (λ>420 nm). These materials take full advantage of the electron conduction expressing of graphene and the superior-strong electron-attracting ability of C60. The mutually-reinforcing synergy between graphene and C60 improves the migration and utilization efficiency of photo-generated electrons and accelerates the separation of photo-generated charges, thus significantly enhancing the hydrogen generation capacity of g-C3N4. The hydrogen production amount and rate of C60/graphene/g-C3N4 (10 mg/L C60 and graphene) after 10 h are 5449.5 µmol/g and 545 µmol/g/h, which is 539.6 times of pure g-C3N4 under the same condition. The values are 50.8 and 4.24 times of graphene/g-C3N4 (10 mg/L graphene) and C60/g-C3N4 (10 mg/L C60), respectively. The apparent quantum yield of C60/graphene/g-C3N4 (10 mg/L C60 and graphene) in 97 h is about 7.2%. The improvement of hydrogen generation activity in 97 h suggests the high long-time stability of C60/graphene/g-C3N4 in photocatalytic water spitting. The photocatalytic ability of C60/graphene/g-C3N4 can be controlled by regulating the addition of graphene and C60. The mutually-reinforcing synergy between graphene and C60 was proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectrum and organic electron acceptors of MV2+. Thus, the joint action of C60 and graphene promotes the migration, separation and utilization of photo-generated electrons, which is responsible for the significant enhancement of photocatalytic performance. |
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| Keywords: | Synergy Photocatalysis Hydrogen generation |
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