Cost-effective large-scale synthesis of oxygen-defective ZnO photocatalyst with superior activities under UV and visible light |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and Materials Research Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;3. Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;1. Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory (AMDL), Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India;2. Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India;1. Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 00084, China;3. Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;1. Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;3. College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China;1. CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;3. Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan |
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| Abstract: | A cost-effective solution method was developed to produce ZnO photocatalyst in large quantity, through the conversion of ε-Zn(OH)2 to ZnO in NaOH solutions. Experimental results indicated that the concentrated NaOH solution (4 mol L−1) promoted the rapid formation of ZnO owing to the enhanced dissolution-precipitation reactions. The large-scale synthesis was also achieved with high-yield and solvent-recyclability. Structural analysis based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance and photoluminescence revealed that the as-prepared ZnO photocatalyst was rich in oxygen vacancies (VO). The VO-rich ZnO photocatalyst exhibited improved visible-light absorption, higher photocurrent responses and superior activities toward the degradation of rhodamine B under both UV (λ~254 nm) and visible-light illumination (λ>420 nm) compared to commercial ZnO and P25 TiO2 powders, as well as good cycle stability. Based on the results of photoluminescence and active species detection, the VO-enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the generation of VO-isolated level in the band structure. Under UV light, the VO-level could promote charge separation by trapping the photoinduced electrons, while under visible-light, the VO-level improved visible-light absorption and facilitated the charge generation. The presently developed synthesis may potentially benefit the large-scale production and low-cost application of ZnO photocatalyst for solar energy utilization. |
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| Keywords: | Photocatalysis |
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