采收和晾制方式对雪茄烟中上部烟叶品质的影响

为明确采收和晾制方式对雪茄烟CX26烟叶生理生化特性和品质的影响，设置摘叶采收+穿叶晾制（T1）、一次性斩株采收+整株挂晾（T2）和多段斩茎采收+骑杆晾制（T3）等3种采收和晾制处理，同时检测烟叶含水率和化学成分含量（质量分数），并分析了外观品质、物理特性和等级比例。结果表明，随着晾制进程的推进雪茄烟叶含水率和自由水含量均呈下降的趋势，束缚水含量则先升高后降低，失水速率表现为中部叶低于上部叶。一次性斩株采收+整株挂晾处理的烟叶烟碱、淀粉、氮碱比和钾氯比分别为3.2%、0.8%、0.8和37.8，均在适宜范围内，烟叶化学成分协调；且一次性斩株采收+整株挂晾的处理的叶片薄、结构疏松平整、青斑比例低。中部叶的上等烟比例显著高于上部叶。因此，一次性斩株采收+整株挂晾可作为雪茄烟CX26适宜的采收和晾制方式。 

Effects of harvesting and air-curing on quality of middle and upper leaves of cigar tobacco

In order to clarify the effects of harvesting and air-curing on physiological-biochemical characteristics and quality of cigar tobacco cv. CX26, three combination treatments were conducted. These were harvesting by priming + air-curing by leaf stringing (T1), harvesting by stalk-cutting once + air-curing by whole plant hanging(T2), and multi-stage harvesting by stalk-cutting + rod-riding air-curing (T3). The mass fractions of moisture and chemical components were determined, the appearance quality, physical characteristics and grade proportion of the cigar tobacco leaves were analyzed. The results showed that, with the proceeding of air-curing process, the moisture and free water contents in the cigar tobacco leaves decreased, while the bound water content increased first and then decreased, and the water loss rate of the middle leaves was lower than that of the upper leaves. The nicotine content, starch content, nitrogen/nicotine ratio and potassium/chlorine ratio of tobacco leaves by T2 were 3.2%, 0.8%, 0.8 and 37.8, respectively, which were all within the suitable ranges, indicating harmonious chemical compositions, and those leaves were thin with loose and flat structures and low green spot proportion. The proportion of first-class leaf in middle leaves was significantly higher than in upper leaves. Therefore, the method of harvesting by stalk-cutting once + air-curing by whole plant hanging was considered suitable for cigar tobacco cv. CX26.