Hydrothermal synthesis of morphology-controlled KNbO3, NaNbO3, and (K,Na)NbO3 powders |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of E&M, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China;1. School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Research Institute of Photocatalysis, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China;1. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics & Electronic Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China;2. The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0356, USA;1. Department of Intelligent Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan;2. The Key Lab of Inorganic Functional Materials and Device, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China;3. Toyama Industrial Technology Center, Takaoka, Toyama 933-0981, Japan;1. Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Nagpur 440001, India;2. Department of Physics, Govt. Science College, Gadchiroli 442502, India;1. Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals of College of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;3. Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China |
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| Abstract: | NaNbO3, (K,Na)NbO3 and KNbO3 powders were synthesized using (1− y) NaOH–y KOH solutions ([OH−] =7.5–15 M) with y=0, 0.78, and 1 at 200 °C by the hydrothermal method, respectively. Their compositions, structures, and morphologies were analysed. Both of the synthesized NaNbO3 and KNbO3 powders had sub-micron- or micron-sized grains. The [OH−] drastically influenced the size and morphology of the KNbO3 particles but did not influence those of the NaNbO3 particles. In contrast, the morphology of the (K,Na)NbO3 particles, which were aggregates of nano-grains, was influenced by the hydrothermal-treatment time rather than [OH−]. Moreover, their composition and phase were influenced by both annealing and the hydrothermal-treatment time, and their formation mechanism was discussed by comparison with those of KNbO3 and NaNbO3 particles. The present synthetic strategy enables tailoring the compositions, morphologies, and structures of the niobate products to different applications by controlling the process parameters. |
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| Keywords: | Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics Niobates Hydrothermal synthesis Crystal growth Phase evolution Morphology |
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