金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素与多位点序列分型分子分型研究进展

金黄色葡萄球菌是引起临床疾病、社区感染和食物中毒的常见革兰氏阳性菌；肠毒素是参与金黄色葡萄球菌引起食物中毒、猩红热、全身感染等疾病的重要毒力因子；目前已发现27种金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素/类肠毒素,不同来源金黄色葡萄球菌携带肠毒素/类肠毒素存在差异；多位点序列分型(MLST) 是一门新兴的基于细菌多个管家基因位点差异性分析、可长期监测细菌遗传进化趋势的分子分型技术；截至2021年初MLST已建立128种细菌的分型数据库,金黄色葡萄球菌数据库中已有6583种分型,金黄色葡萄球菌ST分型存在明显的地区流行性,各地已形成独特优势克隆。目前研究表明金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素/类肠毒素携带与MLST分型间存在一定的相关性,本文将围绕金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素/类肠毒素、MLST分型及相关性进行综述。

Research progress of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin and multilocus sequence typing molecular typing

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin is an important virulence factor of staphylococcal food poisoning. At present, 27 kinds of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes have been found. There are differences in enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes carried by different sources of Staphylococcus aureus. Recent studies have found that enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes are closely related to scarlet fever, systemic infection and other clinical diseases. Staphylococcus aureus with strong pathogenic ability has formed unique regional clonotypes all over the world. As an emerging molecular typing technology to monitor the genetic evolution trend of bacteria, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is currently the main molecular typing method to describe the global epidemic of Staphylococcus aureus. The combined detection of genetic information and virulence factor is an important laboratory method for monitoring the spreading trend of strains and assessing pathogenicity. Enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes play a decisive role in the pathogenicity of some ST typing. Genetic information and virulence factor are important factors involved in the regulation of different expressions of bacteria. The related reports that the two affect the pathogenicity of the strains suggest that Staphylococcus aureus may have a new pathogenic mechanism that has not been paid attention to. This article focused on the carrying status of enterotoxins/enterotoxin-likes of Staphylococcus aureus from different sources, molecular typing characteristics, and the relationship between the two on the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus.