飞行器机身结构耐撞性分析与设计

耐撞性不仅是飞行器设计中的重要问题，而且还是其取得适航证的必要条件。该文对美国、欧盟和日本等在耐撞性研究方面的研究进行了总结，阐述了耐撞性设计中采用的数值模拟和试验研究方法及其主要问题。主要针对各种飞行器结构耐撞性设计方法进行介绍，对比了轻型固定翼飞机、直升机和大中型民用飞机的耐撞性设计特点。能量吸收结构是耐撞性设计的关键问题之一，对提高飞行器机身能量吸收能力的机身底部结构、机身加强框和客舱地板撑杆结构等设计方法进行详细介绍，总结了飞行器耐撞性可靠性分析和优化设计方法。最后对飞行器结构耐撞性设计的发展作了展望。

CRASHWORTHINESS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE STRUCTURE

Crashworthiness is one of the most important problems in aircraft design and one of necessary conditions to get an airworthiness certification. The crashworthiness research of different aircrafts in America, European Union and Japan etc. are introduced. Numerical simulation method, experiment method and their key problems are presented here. To achieve a crashworthiness design objective, the crashworthiness design characteristics are analyzed by comparing light fixed-wing aircrafts, helicopters and middle and large aircrafts. Energy absorption structure is one of the key problems in crashworthiness design, and the crashworthiness of an aircraft could be improved by redesign fuselage bottom structure, fuselage frame and strut. Also, typical methods are listed here. In addition, reliability analysis and optimization design methods are summarized. Finally, the development of aircraft design is also prospected.