车轮与高速道岔长短心轨的接触分析

针对动车组、机车车轮与高速道岔的磨耗问题，测量运行线路上磨耗后的车轮与道岔的实际几何尺寸，应用有限元方法求解车轮与道岔长短心轨的接触问题。计算了车轮与高速道岔的长短心轨部分在不同位置的接触状态，分析得出了不同工况下车轮与心轨接触斑、等效应力以及接触法向力的分布和变化规律，为道岔结构的合理设计和型面尺寸的优化提供了一定的理论依据。结果表明:JM3型机车车轮与18号高速道岔的心轨型面匹配不合理；动车组和机车车轮与心轨间的最大应力值都超过了轮轨材料的屈服极限，发生塑性变形；车轮在钢轨上的横移量影响轮岔之间的磨耗，向心轨外侧的横移量越大，磨耗越严重。

ANALYSIS ON CONTACT BETWEEN THE WHEEL AND LONG AS WELL AS SHORT POINT RAILS OF HIGH-SPEED TURNOUT

In view of the wearing problem happened when a multiple unit train and locomotive wheels contact with high-speed turnout, the actual geometry size of worn wheels and worn turnout on the running line have been measured. The finite element method is applied to solve the wheel-turnout contact problems. The contact states in different locations between the wheels and the long/short point rail of the high-speed turnout are calculated. The distribution and varying rules of a contact patch, the equivalent stress and contact normal forces under different operating conditions are analyzed. The results provide theoretical basis for the rational design of turnouts and wheels. The results demonstrate: the match relation is not reasonable between the JM3 wheels and the point rail of the No.18 high-speed turnout; the maximum stress value of aforesaid conditions exceeds the yield limit of the materials, and the plastic deformation of the materials occurs; the horizontal shift of wheel affects the wear between wheels and turnouts. The bigger horizontal shift towards the lateral of point rail is, the more serious the wear is.