重质原油电脱盐用破乳剂的合成及评价

重质原油具有胶质和沥青质含量高、氯盐含量高、黏度高和界面膜稳定性好等特点，利用传统的破乳剂破乳时，破乳效果较差。针对重质原油电脱盐破乳，合成了WS系列破乳剂，对其进行了红外光谱表征、羟值和实际相对分子质量的测定以及电脱盐实验评价。结果表明，合成的WS系列破乳剂产率在98%以上，其中WS-5破乳剂对塔河油田重质原油的破乳效果最好；在破乳剂加量60 mg/L、温度155℃、注清水质量8%、搅拌时间4 min、电场强度1100 V/cm、停留时间90 min、三级电脱盐的条件下，原油盐质量浓度由153.2 mg/L降至2.76 mg/L，脱后原油含水量为0.28%。WS-5破乳剂对塔河油田重质原油电脱盐效果比较理想，具有潜在的应用价值。

Synthesis and Evaluation of Demulsifier for Heavy Crude Electrical Desalting

Heavy crude oil has the characteristics of high colloid and asphaltene contents, high chlorine salt content, heavy viscosity and stabilized interfacial film. The demulsification effect of heavy crude oil is invalid by using the conventional demulsifier. A series of WS demulsifiers used for electrical desalting of heavy crude oil were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by FT-IR. In addition, their hydroxy value and actual relative molecular mass were determined. The electrical desalting experimental evaluation was used to evaluate the demulsification effect of WS demulsifiers. The results indicated that the synthetic product was the aimed product and its yield was above 98%. Among the WS series WS-5 demulsifier had the best demulsification effect for Tahe heavy crude oil. The salt mass concentration of crude oil was decreased from 153.2 to 2.76 mg/L, and ultimate water content was 0.28%, under the conditions of demulsifier of 60 mg/L, temperature of 155℃, water injection rate of 8%, mixing time of 4 min, electric field strength of 1100 V/cm, dwell time of 90 min, and three-stage electrical desalting. The WS-5 demulsifier demonstrated its potential application for the electrical desalting of Tahe heavy crude oil.