Surface Oscillations of an Electromagnetically Levitated Droplet |
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Authors: | S R Berry R W Hyers L M Racz B Abedian |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, U.S.A;(2) Present address: Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, Lexington, Massachusetts, 02420-9108, U.S.A;(3) Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, U.S.A;(4) Present address: Energen, Inc., Lowell, Massachusetts, 01854, U.S.A |
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Abstract: | The natural oscillation frequency of freely suspended liquid droplets can be related to the surface tension of the material,
and the decay of oscillations to the liquid viscosity. However, the fluid flow inside the droplet must be laminar to measure
viscosity with existing correlations; otherwise the damping of the oscillations is dominated by turbulent dissipation. Because
no experimental method has yet been developed to visualize flow in electromagnetically levitated oscillating metal droplets,
mathematical modeling can assist in predicting whether or not turbulence occurs, and under what processing conditions. In
this paper, three mathematical models of the flow: (1) assuming laminar conditions, (2) using the k−ɛ turbulence model, and (3) using the RNG turbulence model, respectively, are compared and contrasted to determine the physical
characteristics of the flow. It is concluded that the RNG model is the best suited for describing this problem when the interior
flow is turbulent. The goal of the presented work was to characterize internal flow in an oscillating droplet of liquid metal,
and to verify the accuracy of the characterization by comparing calculated surface tension and viscosity values to available
experimental results. |
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Keywords: | droplet oscillations electromagnetic levitation turbulence viscosity |
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