中低放废物近地表处置顶盖设计与审评的计算机程序（HELP）的验证与应用

本文介绍了对美国环保局用于中低放废物近地表处置顶盖设计和审评的计算机程序ＨＥＬＰ程序的验证与应用。用本院包气带水分运移现场试验数据对ＨＥＬＰ程序进行了验证分析，结果表明ＨＥＬＰ程序的预测结果是合理的。用ＨＥＬＰ程序分析了我国西南地区条件下顶盖表面层厚度和表面层状况对顶盖中水分分布的影响，在此基础上对典型顶盖性能进行了模拟分析。模拟结果表明，顶盖表面植被对顶盖中水分分布影响很大，在顶盖设计中应充分重视；在潮湿地区，废物处置的安全性必须考虑处置系统的化学屏障作用。建议在今后的顶盖研究中，加入工程经济的内容，以实现顶盖设计的优化。

VALIDATION AND APPLICATION OF HELP CODE USEDFOR DESIGN AND REVIEW OF COVER OF LOW-ANDINTERMEDIATE LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSALIN NEAR-SURFACE FACILITIES

This paper describes validation and application of HELP code used by the United States Environmental Protective Agency for design and review of cover of low-andintermediate level radioactive waste disposal in near-surface facilities. The HELP code was validated using data of field aerated moisture movement test by China Institute for RadiationProtection.The results show that simulation of HELP code is reasonable. Effects of surfacelayer thickness and surface treatment on moisture distribution in a cover was simulated withHELP code in the conditions of south-west China. The simulation results demonstrated thatsurface plantation of a cover plays very important role in moisture distribution in the cover. Itshould be paid special attention in cover design. In humid area,radioactive waste disposalsafety should take full consideration with functions of chemical barrier. It was recommendedthat engineering economy should be added in future cover research so as to achieve optimization of cover design.