Production of high-quality biodiesel fuels from various vegetable oils over Ti-incorporated SBA-15 mesoporous silica |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;2. Nanjing AIREP Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210091, China;3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA;1. Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC), C/ Miguel Luesma 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;2. Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;3. Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;4. Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom;5. Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain;1. School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China;2. School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China;3. Nanjing AIREP Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210091, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Ti-incorporated SBA-15 mesoporous silica (shortly termed Ti-SBA-15) was a highly efficient and recyclable solid acid to synthesize high-quality biodiesel fuel (BDF) derived from various vegetable oils at moderate reaction condition, in comparison to siliceous SBA-15 and commercial TiO2 catalysts with different anatase sizes, where the catalytically active sites mainly related to the tetrahedral-coordinated Ti(IV) species with weak Lewis acid nature. The TOF values of Ti-SBA-15 catalysts were around 18–166 h− 1, an order of magnitude larger than those of commercial TiO2 catalysts. A high-quality BDF containing more than 98.4 mass% of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), which met with international fuel standard, was obtained over 3Ti-SBA-15 catalyst at 200 °C using a methanol/oil ratio of 108. Most importantly, the 3Ti-SBA-15 catalyst showed extremely high water and free fatty acid (FFA) tolerance levels, which were several ten times better than homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in conventional BDF production technology. |
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