Development and characterization of epoxy nanocomposites based on nano-structured oil palm ash |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia;2. Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas Malaysia, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;1. Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Edifici N4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. Laboratory of Agricultural Resources, Polymers and Process Engineering, Ibn Tofail University, Faculty of Sciences, BP 133, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco;2. Laboratory REMTEX, ESITH (Hight School of Textile and Clothing Industries), Casablanca, Morocco;3. Team of Innovative Materials and Mechanical Manufacturing Process, ENSAM, University Moulay Ismail, B.P. 15290, Al Mansour, Meknes, Morocco;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran;2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran;4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;1. Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA;2. Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA;3. Nuclear Science and Technology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, NY, USA;4. National Environmental Technology Laboratory, Pittsburg, PA, USA;5. Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA;6. Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, USA;7. National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA;8. Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea;1. Laboratory of Agricultural Resources, Polymers and Process Engineering, Team of Polymer and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 142, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco;2. Team of Innovative Materials and Mechanical Manufacturing Process, ENSAM, University Moulay Ismail, B.P. 15290, Al Mansour, Meknes, Morocco;3. Laboratory of Separation Processes, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 142, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco;4. Laboratory of Materials, Electrochemistry and Environment, Team of Corrosion, Protection and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 142, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco;5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematics Science, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to utilize the bio-agricultural waste as filler material for composite production which are abundantly available and low cost compared to the silica, alumina etc. The lacks of sufficient scientific information about the utilization of the oil palm ash (OPA) on composites production were the driving force for the choice of this work. Furthermore, the effect of filler loading percentage on physical, mechanical, thermal and morphology properties of the epoxy nanocomposites were studied. It was concluded that the size of the OPA had been successfully reduced from macromolecular to the nano-size range by high energy ball milling and was confirmed by TEM analysis. The density of the nano-structured OPA filled epoxy composites revealed that increasing filler loading will eventually increase the density. The tensile and flexural strength attained maximum value when the filler loading was 3%. Also, increase in the thermal stability was observed in case of 3% filler loading and was attributed to the increase in cross-linking of the epoxy resin in the presence of nano-stuctured OPA and having minimum particle to particle interaction and well dispersed nanoparticles. |
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| Keywords: | Nano-structures Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) Mechanical properties Electron microscopy |
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