Three-Dimensional Microstructural Characterization of Porous Hydroxyapatite Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy |
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Authors: | Fei Ren Ian O Smith Melissa J Baumann Eldon D Case |
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Affiliation: | Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 |
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Abstract: | The characterization of porosity is crucial in the development and commercialization of ceramic bone replacement technology, since the pore size and interconnectivity play a central role in both biological function (bone ingrowth and nutrient flow) as well as mechanical properties of bone scaffolds. The ability of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to image three-dimensional (3-D) structures with large vertical depths (~2 mm) and fine vertical resolution (~1 μm) is utilized in this article to characterize the 3-D microstructures of hydroxyapatite (HA) bone scaffold specimens with porosity ranging from roughly 60–70 vol%. Various CLSM techniques are applied to image and interpret the HA pore structure, including Z -series stacking, topographic profiling, and Phi- Z scanning and contour mapping. |
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