大规模空调负荷聚合建模及跟踪控制方案研究

需求响应技术可以削峰填谷，提高能源利用效率，提升电力系统稳定性。直接负荷控制通过直接控制用电负荷使得需求侧负荷变成可调用资源，是实施基于激励的需求响应的一种有效方法，实现相对容易。空调用电量大，储热、储冷能力较好，将空调在高峰时段的用电量转移到低谷时段，对用户的影响小。因此，空调能够影响总负荷曲线的峰谷差异，是重要的需求响应资源。基于此，建立了空调的热力学模型，提出了基于蒙特卡洛方法建立大规模空调负荷聚合模型，并研究了实施直接负荷控制的空调负荷跟踪控制方案，讨论了空调负荷参与需求响应的负荷削减潜力。根据负荷调峰的需求计算控制空调温度或开、关状态的参考信号，然后采用自适应爬坡控制方法，跟踪参考信号的实施情况。仿真结果表明，通过跟踪参考信号来实施空调负荷的直接负荷控制可以依据需求有效削减负荷。

Research on load aggregation modeling and tracking control scheme for large scale air conditioning

Demand response (DR) technologies can cut peaks and fill valleys, improve energy efficiency and power system stability. Direct load control (DLC) makes the demand ? side load available by directly controlling the power load. It is an effective method of implementing excitation ? based DR by directly control? ling the power load, which is relatively easy to implement. Air con? ditioning has good heat storage or cold storage capacity, and its electricity consumption is an important part of total household ener? gy consumption, which can be transferred power demand to off ? peak hours. Therefore, air conditioning can affect the peak?to?val? ley difference of the total load curve and is an important demand re? sponse resource. The thermodynamic model of air conditioning is established. The model of large?scale air conditioning load aggrega? tion based on Monte Carlo method is proposed. The air condition? ing load tracking control scheme of DLC is studied. The load reduc? tion potential of air conditioning load participating in DR is dis? cussed. The reference signal for controlling the air conditioner tem? perature or the open or close state is calculated according to the load peaking demand, and then the adaptive hill climbing (AHC) control method is used to track the implementation of the reference signal. The simulation results show that the DLC that tracks the ref? erence signal to implement the air conditioning load can effectively reduce the load as needed.