时空视野下桂林山水园林形塑过程与机理

桂林山水园林是喀斯特地貌下区域风景营建的优秀代表，体现着城市、人与风景要素协调共生的人居理念。通过古代文献解读与地理时空分析，探究在人文与自然联动作用下桂林山水园林形塑的时空过程与内在机理。研究表明：1）桂林山水园林依托于具有喀斯特地貌特征的独特风景基底而建设，营建数量和规模由唐至清持续增长，宋元为营建高峰；园林类型随时间逐渐丰富完善，公共园林长期占据主导地位；2）桂林山水园林的形塑过程在时间上可分为由山水到园林的初步建构（唐至宋元）和园林体系的完善（明清）2个阶段，最终形成了类型多样、风格鲜明的地域园林体系。在空间上，从散点式发展逐渐转化为城景相融一体化发展，形塑出桂林城园一体的风景面貌；3）山水环境支撑、政治经济影响、城市建设发展及游赏文化助推4方面的综合驱动作用，塑造了具有真山真水、类型多元、城景相融、开放共享等显著特征的桂林喀斯特区域风景园林系统。研究有利于促进区域风景特征的保护与文化传承，并对当代山水城市景观塑造具有一定参考意义。

The Shaping Process and Mechanism of Guilin Landscape Gardens from the Perspective of Space and Time

Guilin landscape gardens, an excellent representative of regional landscape construction under karst landform, embody the living concept of harmonious coexistence of urban, human and landscape elements. Through the interpretation of ancient literature and analysis of geographical space and time, this paper explores the shaping process and internal mechanism of Guilin landscape gardens under the interactions of humanity and nature. The research shows that: 1) Guilin landscape gardens are constructed on the basis of the unique landscape with karst characteristics. The number and scale of construction continued to increase from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, hitting the peak during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The types of gardens were gradually enriched and improved over time, and public gardens dominated for a long period. 2) In terms of time, the shaping process of Guilin landscape gardens can be divided into two stages, which were the initial construction of landscape gardens from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty and the improvement of the garden system in Ming and Qing dynasties, eventually forming a regional garden system with diverse types and distinct styles. In terms of space, it gradually transformed from scattered development to integrated development of urban landscape, shaping a landscape that integrated the city and gardens. 3) The karst regional landscape system in Guilin is formed by the joint effects of the landscape environment, political and economic influence, urban construction and development, and the promotion of sightseeing culture. It is characterized by real mountains and water, diversified types, integration of urban scenery, openness and sharing. The research is promotive to the protection of characteristic regional landscape and cultural heritage, with considerable reference values to the landscape construction of contemporary landscape cities.