食药两用植物地梢瓜的研究进展及应用探讨

地梢瓜是一种活性成分丰富的食药两用特色植物资源。其嫩果生食可生津止渴,是老少皆宜的天然蔬果；其成熟果实、种子、全草均可入药,具有补肺气、清热降火、消炎止痛、祛风活血、益气通乳等传统功效,现代医学表明地梢瓜具有细胞保护、抗衰老、抗病毒等药理作用。地梢瓜食药两用特性与其合理的营养结构以及多种次生代谢产物密切相关,地梢瓜中不仅含有丰富的蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素及钾、钙、镁、硒等矿质元素,而且含有黄酮类、三萜类、甾体类等多种生理活性成分,其中地梢瓜苷为其特有的化学成分。本文介绍了地梢瓜的植物学特征,并重点综述了地梢瓜化学成分、药理作用、食用安全性等方面的国内外研究现状探讨了其应用前景,为进一步开发利用地梢瓜食药两用资源提供参考。

Research progress and application of edible and medicinal plant Cynanchum thesioides

Cynanchum thesioides is a kind of characteristic plant resource with dual-use of food and medicine, which is rich in a variety of bioactive substances. Its tender fruit, a natural fruit and vegetable suitable for all ages, can be eaten raw and quench thirst. Its ripe fruit, seeds and whole herbs can be used as medicine, with traditional functions such as tonifying lung qi, clearing heat and down bearing fire, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, dispelling wind and activating the blood, replenishing qi and promoting lactation. Modern medical research has shown that C. thesioides has cell protection, anti-aging, anti-virus and other pharmacological effects. The dual-use characteristics of C. thesioides are closely related to its reasonable nutritional structure and varied bioactive secondary metabolites. C. thesioides is not only rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and mineral elements like potassium, calcium, magnesium, selenium, etc., but also contains many physiologically active ingredients such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, etc. Among them, thesioideoside is a unique chemical ingredient. This paper introduces the botanical characteristics of C. thesioides, and focuses on the research status at home and abroad of its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, application and development, and prospects the future research trend, in order to provide reference for further development and utilization of dual-use resources of C. thesioides.