Ultrasound affects spermatophore transfer, larval numbers, and larval weight of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Effects of ultrasound from a commercial device on reproduction in the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), were investigated in paired Plexiglas enclosures, one with ultrasound and one without (control treatment). In each of the five paired trials, 10 newly emerged male and 10 female moths were introduced into each enclosure. The commercial device produced peak frequencies at 21, 25, and 35 kHz, and a 94 dB sound pressure level at a distance of 50 cm. In enclosures with ultrasound, female moths had 27% fewer spermatophores and produced 48% fewer larvae than those not exposed to ultrasound. Furthermore, ultrasound reduced total and individual larval weights by 66% and 35%, respectively, when compared with the control treatment. About 17% more moths were found on the enclosure floor in the presence of ultrasound when compared with those not exposed to ultrasound. This is the first paper documenting the effects of ultrasound on reproductive performance of P. interpunctella. These laboratory data suggest that the use of ultrasound against P. interpunctella may be an appealing and effective behavioral management strategy.