中国河口海岸水库发展现状与展望

河口海岸水库是指修建在河口或者海岸地区的水库,其主要特点是利用堤坝分隔海水与淡水,从而达到在海洋环境中蓄积淡水的目的。首先回顾了中国历史上的河口水库,探讨了河口海岸水库从雏形发展至今的历史进程,并结合实例介绍了现代河口海岸水库发挥的重要作用。在整理并总结不同类别的河口海岸水库资料的基础上,提出了河口海岸水库的科学分类,当以建造位置为分类标准时,可将其细分为河口型、海湾型、海岸线型和岛屿型水库;归纳了建造过程中亟需解决的技术难题;讨论了河口海岸水库可能造成的生态环境影响。结合我国主要流域的水文与地貌特点,在最后展望了未来可以修建河口海岸水库的重点区域,特别提出了在珠江三角洲粤港澳大湾区建设河口海岸水库的设想,讨论了在台湾、海南、舟山等几大主要岛屿修建岛屿性水库的可行性。

Development review and prospects of coastal reservoirs in China

Coastal reservoir is a kind of reservoir built in estuarial or coastal area. It uses the dam to separate fresh water from seawater, and thus to store fresh water in a marine environment. We first review the history of estuarial reservoirs in China and discuss the important roles played by modern coastal reservoirs. Based on the construction locations of a coastal reservoir, 4 kinds of coastal reservoirs can be classified: River Mouth Reservoir, Estuarine Reservoir, Coastline Reservoir or Island Reservoir. The technical difficulties that may be encountered in construction and the possible ecological and environmental impacts of coastal reservoirs are also discussed. Finally, based on the hydrological and geological characteristics of the main river basins in China, we propose the key areas where coastal reservoirs could be built in the future, especially the delta area covering Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater. The feasibility of constructing Island Reservoirs in Taiwan, Hainan, Zhoushan and other major islands of China are also put forward.