基于非标记蛋白质组学技术研究白羽肉鸡不同部位肌肉的蛋白差异

蛋白质作为肉类组成的重要部分，其发生改变会引起肉品质的变化，不同部位肌肉的理化特性及蛋白质组成不同。通过非标记蛋白质组学定量技术和数据非依赖型扫描技术，对白羽肉鸡鸡腿肉和鸡胸肉进行蛋白质鉴定和定量分析，并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果表明：鸡腿肉和鸡胸肉中共鉴定出875 个蛋白质与16 855 条肽段，且筛选出98 个差异蛋白；对鸡腿肉中的上调差异蛋白进行基因本体论（gene ontology，GO）组分富集分析的结果显示，在生物学过程中，其主要参与酰基辅酶A脱氢酶的脂肪酸β-氧化、三羧酸循环等过程，在细胞组分中主要富集于线粒体内，在分子功能中主要具有氧化还原酶活性、脂肪酰基辅酶A结合、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸结合、肌动活动、电子载体活性、黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸结合和催化活性等功能；鸡胸肉中上调差异蛋白的GO组分富集分析结果显示，在生物学过程中，其主要富集在骨骼肌收缩过程，在细胞组分中富集于胞外外泌体中的蛋白质最多；鸡腿肉中的高表达蛋白均富集于运动相关功能，而鸡胸肉中的上调蛋白多富集于肌肉收缩功能。

Proteomic Study of Differential Proteins in Different Muscles from White Feathered Broilers Based on Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment-Ion Spectra

Protein is a major food component and its changes lead to changes in meat quality. Muscles from different carcass parts vary in terms of physicochemical properties and protein composition. In this study, protein identification and quantitative analysis of white feathered broilers breast and thigh muscles were carried out by data independent acquisition (DIA) and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra (SWATH) techniques, and bioinformatics analysis was performed as well. The results showed that a total of 875 proteins and 16 855 peptide fragments were detected in thigh and breast meat. Out of these, 98 differentially expressed proteins were screened. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis evidenced that the 71 up-regulated proteins found in chicken were involved in biological processes (BP) such as fatty acid beta-oxidation using acylcoenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and lipid homeostasis;in terms of cell components, they were mainly concentrated in mitochondria;their molecular functions (MF) included participating in reductase activity, fatty acyl CoA binding, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) binding, movement, electron carrier activity, flavin adenine dinucleotide binding and catalytic activity. The 27 up-regulated proteins in chicken breast were the most abundant in the process of skeletal muscle contraction and cardiac muscle contraction;they were enriched in the extracellular exosome, and none of the proteins was enriched in MF. The highly expressed proteins in chicken thigh meat were enriched in movement-related functions, while those in chicken breast meat were enriched in muscular contraction.