中俄东线天然气管道天然气质量分析与计量技术

天然气质量涉及在输送和使用过程中与安全卫生、环境保护以及经济利益相关指标的要求，而天然气计量则直接与购销双方天然气气量结算的金额有关。因此，天然气的质量分析和流量计量在天然气工业中具有重要的作用和意义。在跨国管道天然气贸易交接中，购销双方除了关注天然气价格以外，还会重点围绕天然气质量分析和流量计量开展技术谈判。为此，分析了中俄东线天然气管道技术谈判过程中所关注的天然气质量分析与流量计量技术问题，并从采用的方法标准、气质检测项目及其指标、流量计和辅助设施配置及其指标、取样口设置、在线分析仪器配置和分析及计量结果溯源性等关键技术方面进行了归纳和总结。研究结果表明：①明确了天然气质量分析与流量计量采标原则，使得在确定计量协议中的具体技术内容时有标可依；②确定了天然气质量分析中涉及的检测项目及其指标、取样口的设置、在线分析设备的配置、分析结果溯源性和保证措施，确保了其结果的准确性与可靠性； ③确定了计量系统指标要求、计量管路布置、流量计量溯源性和保证措施，确保了天然气流量计量结果的准确性与可靠性。结论认为，该研究成果可以为未来我国跨国管道天然气计量站及国内大型天然气贸易交接计量站的建设和管理提供经验和借鉴。

Quality analysis and flow measurement technologies for natural gas of the China–Russian Eastern Gas Pipeline

The quality of natural gas is related to the requirements of safety and health, environmental protection and economic benefit indicators in the process of transportation and use, while the measurement of natural gas is directly related to the settlement amount of natural gas between buyers and sellers, so quality analysis and flow measurement of natural gas are of great significance in the natural gas industry. In the natural gas trade transfer of transnational pipelines, buyers and sellers focus on the technical negotiation of natural gas quality analysis and flow measurement besides its price. This paper analyzed the technical problems of quality analysis and flow measurement which were concerned in the technical negotiation process of the China-Russian Eastern Gas Pipeline. In addition, the key technologies were summarized, including adopted methods and standards, quality test items and their indexes, configuration and its indexes of a flowmeter and auxiliary facilities, sampling port setting, configuration of on-line analysis instrument, and traceability of analysis and measurement results. And the following research results were obtained. First, the principles of quality analysis and flow measurement are clearly defined so as to provide the basis for determining the specific technical content of measurement protocol. Second, the test items involved in natural gas quality analysis and their indexes, the setting of sampling ports, the configuration of on-line analysis equipment, the traceability of analysis results and the guarantee measures are determined to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the quality analysis results. Third, the indicator requirements of measurement system, the arrangement of measurement pipeline, the traceability of flow measurement and the guarantee measures are determined to ensure the accuracy and reliability of flow measurement results. In conclusion, the research results can provide experience and reference for the future construction and management of gas metering stations of transnational pipelines and large-scale metering stations of natural gas trade transfer in China.