Intrusive thoughts and avoidance behaviors are associated with sleep disturbances in bereavement-related depression

Three methods for temporarily filling root canals with calcium hydroxide pastes were compared. Each of 20 root canals of extracted, human, single-rooted teeth was shaped with hand instruments under standardized conditions up to ISO size 50 and filled using a syringe system, a lentulo spiral or an endodontic reamer. Quality of fillings was assessed radiographically and by inspecting ground preparations. Ridit (relative to an identified distribution) analysis was employed to confirm differences in frequencies of certain quality criteria obtained with various application methods. With regard to degree of obturation and occurrence of porosities, application of temporary fillings with a lentulo spiral or syringe system revealed significantly better results than application with hand instruments (reamer). No differences with regard to degree of obturation were detected when comparing results obtained with syringe or lentulo. Fewer porosities in the apical part of the root canal were seen, both on radiographs and ground sections, with the syringe system compared with the lentulo spiral. In the presence of some contradictory reports found in the literature, the present study suggests that, after straight or slightly curved root canals have been shaped up to at least ISO size 50, high quality temporary root canal fillings may be obtained by application of an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide with a syringe system.