棕榈酸抑制果蝇幼虫的生长发育及糖脂代谢

为探究棕榈酸（palmitic acid，PA）是否导致代谢综合征的发生，该实验选用模式生物黑腹果蝇，采用玉米粉酵母标准培养基作对照组，以在标准培养基中加入2.50%浓度的PA为实验组。分别对果蝇的幼虫体重、蛹化率与羽化率、蛹重、蛹面积、蛹体积、成虫体重、成虫爬行能力、成虫翅膀面积大小以及三龄幼虫体内海藻糖、甘油三酯、胰岛素样肽Dilp2、Dilp3、Dilp5的含量进行检测。结果表明：相比于CTRL组，PA导致果蝇的蛹化率及羽化率分别降低了3.75%和10.03%，蛹面积和蛹体积有所下降。PA组雌性成虫体重与CTRL组相比减小了0.13 mg，雄性成虫体重减少了0.10 mg。PA组雌蝇的运动活性降低了41.35%，雄蝇降低了22.78%。PA组雌性果蝇翅膀面积明显减小，而雄性果蝇无明显差异。PA组幼虫海藻糖和甘油三酯含量明显升高，而Dilp2、Dilp3、Dilp5的表达量显著下降。以上结果表明PA抑制果蝇的生长发育，扰乱了幼虫的糖脂代谢平衡，该研究可为探究高脂饮食引起代谢综合征的发生机制研究提供一定的科学依据。

Palmitic Acid Disrupts the Growth, Development and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism of Drosophila melanogaster

In order to explore whether or not palmitic acid (PA) causes metabolic syndrome, Drosophila melanogaster was used as the model organism in this study, corn flour yeast standard medium was used as the control group, and the standard culture medium added with 2.50% PA as the experimental group. The larval body weight, pupation rate and eclosion rate, pupal weight, pupal area, pupal volume, adult body weight, adult crawling ability, adult wing area, and the contents of trehalose, triglycerides, Dilp2, Dilp3 and Dilp5 of the third instar larvae of D. melanogaster were determined. The results showed that compared with CTRL group, PA decreased the pupation rate and eclosion rate of D. melanogaster by 3.75% and 10.03%, respectively, with the pupal area and pupal volume of the PA group also decreased. The body weights of female drosophila and male drosophila in the PA group decreased by 0.13 mg and 0.10 mg, respectively, compared with CTRL group. The locomotor activities of female drosophila and male drosophila in the PA group decreased by 41.35% and 22.78%, respectively. For the PA group, the wing area of female drosophila in decreased significantly, but there was no significant change in male drosophila. The contents of trehalose and triglycerides in the PA group increased significantly, while the expressions of Dilp2, Dilp3 and Dilp5 decreased significantly. The above results indicate that PA inhibited the growth and development of D. melanogaster and disrupted the balance of glucose and lipid metabolism in larvae. This study can provide a scientific basis for exploring the mechanism of the metabolic syndrome caused by a high-fat diet.