广州地区输电线路绝缘子污秽成分分析

笔者采用X-射线粉末衍射仪、X-射线能谱仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪及离子色谱仪对广州市区及郊区化工厂、焦化厂、发电厂、钢铁厂、农田等5种典型环境中的输电线路绝缘子污秽的化学成分进行了定性和定量分析。这些区域绝缘子污秽主要由C、SiO2、CaSO4、硅铝酸盐、氯化物(KCl、NaCl、MgCl2等)、Fe3O4等组成。污秽中的炭黑的存在提高了污秽的电导率,对污闪事故的贡献不容忽视。化工厂和焦化厂附近绝缘子污秽一价盐质量分数较高,有较大的污闪风险,钢铁厂和发电厂绝缘子污秽一价盐质量分数很低。这些研究结果对广州地区输电线路绝缘子的选型、运行和维护,防污措施的制订,绝缘子污闪事故的原因分析,具有重要的参考意义。

Analysis on Contamination Chemical Composition of Insulator in Guangzhou Region Transmission Lines

Chemical composition and phase analysis of insulator contamination in Guangzhou region transmission lines have been analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD)and X-ray energy dispersion spectrometer(EDS)in this paper.The insulator contaminant powders which collected from different areas,such as chemical plant,coking plant,power station,steel plant,farmland and so on,contain C,SiO2,CaSO4,aluminosilicate(AlSi3O8-),chloride(KCl,NaCl,MgCl2,etc.)and iron oxide(Fe3O4).The existence of carbon black in polluted insulators plays a very important role in the contamination flashover accidents.The soluble salts mainly contain univalent cations near the chemical plant and coking plant,while contain bivalent cations near the power station and steel plant.All these results will be benefit to the selection,operation and maintenance of insulator,the formulation of anti-pollution measures and the cause analysis of the insulator contamination flashover accident.