Coded M-DPSK with built-in time diversity for fading channels

Good coded modulation for fading channels requires built-in time diversity. Under a constraint on the interleaving delay, the authors construct and compare three categories of coded M-DPSK (M-ary differential phase-shift keying) schemes with 4⩽M⩽16 for fading channels: two-dimensional trellis-coded, multidimensional trellis-coded, and block-coded. General rules for designing these schemes and their matched bit or symbol interleavers are given. A universal two-state interleaver is shown. These schemes have been extensively evaluated, using computer simulations, for a narrow-band cellular radio channel at different vehicle speeds, with and without twofold antenna diversity