支撑我国食物保障的农业科技发展战略研究

本文在阐明食物保障概念并区分食粮和饲料粮的基础上,对我国耕地和非耕地资源未来农产品供给能力做了估计,提出我国食物保障耕地是瓶颈,良地应优先保障食粮,饲料可统筹耕地、草原和海洋资源。必须研究耕地资源扩展、改良与替代的科学技术、现有耕地资源可持续高效利用的科学技术,以及非生物逆境应对的科学技术,并做相应研究计划的顶层设计。科技创新要落实在食物生产的可持续发展,因而强调重大农业科技创新与常规产业技术改进互动的科技发展战略。解答食物保障所需的科技难题需要高瞻远瞩的设计、组织、监管和推动,涉及国家科技发展的体制和机制必须改革。本文从支撑国家重大农业科技发展角度提出了农业科技体制机制改革的战略设想与重点政策建议,包括设立国家农业可持续发展研究与监管中心,国家农业和科技主管部门在农业科技创新领域中的职责和协调,农业科技创新的顶层设计,科技创新要落实到食物生产的发展等。

A Study on the Development Strategy of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies for Food Security in China

It has become an urgent task in China to develop modern agricultural sciences and technologies for supporting food security since the establishment of the national food policy. Based on the clarification of the concept of food security and distinguishing human being food from animal feed, the future supply potential and deficit of agricultural products from the existed cultivated and non-cultivated land resources were estimated. It was indicated that the arable land should be used mainly for human being cereal production while the animal feed could be produced from some cultivated land, grassland and sea or ocean area. Then the major scientific and technological problems to be resolved for securing the food production in China were put forward, including the science and technology in arable land expansion, improvement and replacement, those in efficient sustainable utilization of the cultivated land and those in coping with the abiotic stresses, as well as the corresponding top-level blue print design of the future research essentials. It was noticed that the interactive development strategy between the advanced agricultural science and technology innovation and the conventional industry technology improvement should be emphasized as a priority. Furthermore, the strategy and policy for the reform of the organization system and management mechanism in the government management of science and technology were suggested, including the establishment of permanent center for sustainable food production monitoring and decision making, the differential responsibilities for ministry of agriculture and ministry of science and technology, the top level blue print design of the science and technology development in agriculture, the science and technology innovation recognized after benefiting the agro-production, and so for.